Comprehensive Overview of HIV/AIDS - State of Kentucky Mandatory Training

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1. HIV is a:

  a. Bacteria that is dispersed through the air on droplet nuclei.

  b. Fungus that is transmitted through direct contact.

  c. Virus that is transmitted through blood and other body fluids.

  d. None of the above.

2. The window period is the period of time:
  a. After the virus enters the body and attacks the CD4 cells, until the body produces antibodies to the virus.
  b. Between HIV infection and the appearance of the first symptoms.

  c. From HIV infection until the start of persistent symptoms of AIDS.

  d. None of the above.

3. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is diagnosed when the ELISA screening test is positive.
  a. True.

  b. False.

4. All the following is true about Viral Transmission EXCEPT:
  a. It is the initial infection with HIV.

  b. The infected person may become infectious to others within five days.

  c. It is also called the Seroconversion.

  d. The infected person may be infectious before the onset of any symptoms.

5. High risk behaviors for HIV transmission includes:
  a. Unprotected sexual contact where there may be an exchange of blood, semen or vaginal secretions.
  b. Sharing injecting drug equipment such as syringes and needles.
  c. Neglecting to utilize personal protective equipment when coming into contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials in the healthcare setting.
  d. All of the above.

6. The 2008 case definition revision for HIV and AIDS was revised into a single case definition for HIV infection that includes AIDS and incorporates the HIV infection classification system. All the following are true EXCEPT:
  a. Laboratory-confirmed evidence of HIV infection is now required to meet the surveillance case definition for HIV infection.
  b. A positive HIV test OR an AIDS indicator condition OR a CD4 count of less than 200 cells/mm.
  c. Diagnostic confirmation of an AIDS-defining condition alone, without laboratory-confirmed evidence of HIV infection, is no longer sufficient to classify an adult or adolescent as HIV infected for surveillance purposes.
  d. This definition applies to adults and adolescents age 13 and older.
7. Since 1996, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has largely been responsible for the reduction in AIDS deaths.

  a. True.

  b. False.

8. Access to medical care and adherence to complex medication regimens is not generally a problem for persons with HIV infection, mainly because one can start and stop taking HAART at will with no concern for drug resistance.
  a. True.

  b. False.

9. Some common side effects to HAART include all the following EXCEPT:
  a. Nausea, diarrhea and osteoporosis.

  b. Numbness in feet and hands (peripheral neuropathy) and changes in body fat distribution (lipodystrophy).

  c. Vomiting, weight gain and restlessness.

  d. Diabetes or other metabolic changes.

10. In an HIV-infected person, TB disease can develop in the following ways:
  a. A person who already has latent TB infection can become infected with HIV, and then TB disease can develop as the immune system is weakened.
  b. A person who has HIV infection can become infected with M. tuberculosis, and TB disease can then rapidly develop because their immune system is not functioning.

  c. Both A and B.

  d. Neither A or B.
11. Hepatitis B (HBV) is transmitted the same way as HIV, through sexual intercourse and sharing needles. HBV is much more concentrated in blood, and it is more infectious than HIV.
  a. True.

  b. False.

12. Which of the following statements regarding HIV and HCV co-infections are true:
  a. Many people who become infected with HIV from injection drug use are already infected with HCV. Some estimate that 40% of HIV-infected people in the U.S. are also infected with HCV.
  b. People who are co-infected with both viruses and have immune system impairment, may progress faster to serious, chronic or fatal liver damage.
  c. Treating HIV in someone with HCV may be complicated, because many of the medicines that are used to treat HIV may damage the liver.
  d. All of the above.

13. The 2006 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations for HIV testing are different from the previous recommendations in that they are now recommending routine HIV testing in the healthcare setting.
  a. The new recommendations are for routine HIV testing in the healthcare setting, without additional consent, pre-test counseling.
  b. The new recommendations are for pre-test and post-test counseling, as well as informed HIV consent to continue in community settings.
  c. Both A and B.

  d. Neither A or B.
14. The optimal time to begin post exposure prophylaxis for occupational exposure to HIV is:
  a. At 24 hours post-exposure.

  b. Within 2 hours of exposure.

  c. There is no value in post exposure prophylaxis.

  d. Within 7 days of exposure.

15. In the state of Kentucky, positive HIV test results must be reported to the HIVAIDS Surveillance Program of either the Louisville-Metro Health Department or the Kentucky Department for Public Health depending on the residence of the infected person.
  a. True.

  b. False.

16. Informed consent, as per KRS.214.625, requires all the following EXCEPT:

  a. That a person who has signed a general consent form for the performance of medical procedures and tests in not required to also sign a specific consent form for HIV testing.
  b. Pre-test counseling as a component of the informed consent.
  c. That the general consent form must instruct the patient that, as part of the medical procedure or tests, the patient may be tested for HIV, hepatitis or other bloodborne infectious disease.

  d. The physician who orders the test is responsible for providing the results of the test, if the results are positive, as well as either providing information and counseling or referring the patient to another practitioner who can provide information and counseling.

17. According to KRS 214.625, anyone who has knowledge of a test result, or the identity of the person upon whom the test was performed is prohibited from disclosing this information except under very specific conditions, which are identified in the law.
  a. True.

  b. False.

18. In the Commonwealth of Kentucky, physicians and medical laboratories must report positive HIV results within:

  a. 24 hours.

  b. 5 days.

  c. 10 business days.

  d. None of the above.
19. Persons with HIV/AIDS and their families and friends face a multitude of difficult realities. Among them are:
  a. Although with the advent of antiretroviral drugs, persons who are HIV infected, can live 10-12 years or more without developing symptoms, persons with AIDS still die prematurely. 90% of all adults with AIDS are in the prime of life and may not be prepared to deal with death and dying.
  b. People who are living with HIV face the need to practice "safer sex" and take medications for the remainder of their lives; and the infections and malignancies that accompany AIDS along with some of the medications, can diminish and disfigure the body.
  c. Men who have sex with men, and injection drug users, who may already be stigmatized and subjected to social and job-related discrimination, may encounter even more societal pressure and stress with a diagnosis of AIDS.
  d. All of the above.

20. African Americans and Hispanics specifically have disproportionately lower rates of AIDS cases in the U.S.
  a. True.

  b. False.