Laboratory Tests Interpretation

~ Exam ~

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1. A diagnostic test is any inquire into a _______________ condition.
  a. Laboratory
  b. Pathological
  c. Viral

  d. Bacterial

  e. Benign

2. In this text, we will use “diagnostic test” to refer to the ____________ studies involving more than just analyzing blood.
  a. More sophisticated
  b. Physical assessment

  c. Clinical

  d. Viral

3. The nurse should always keep in mind that normal values should be considered only as _____________ of what is normal or abnormal.

  a. Guidelines
  b. Borderline
  c. Confirmation

  d. Theoretical

4. Based on the statistical definition of normal, _____________ of independent test results will be outside this normal range (of test results).
  a. 5%
  b. 12%

  c. 20%

  d. 25%

  e. 50%

5. Special notations should be made on the lab request form such as ___________.

  a. Time

  b. IV infusion
  c. Source
  d. Relations to meals

  e. A, B, C, D

6. ____________ may occur due to prolonged tourniquet constriction.
  a. Hemodilution

  b. Hemoconcentration

  c. Hemostasis

7. The quantity of the sample usually dictates the method of ___________.
  a. Evaluation
  b. Collection

  c. Reporting results

  d. Normal value

8. Avoid drawing blood in an extremity used for infusing ________________.
  a. Glucose
  b. NaCl

  c. IV fluids

  d. Blood

  e. Medications

9. After 20 minutes of strenuous exercise, serum __________ is decreased by about 8%.
  a. Albumin
  b. Sodium

  c. Potassium

  d. ALT

  e. SGPT

10. This lab test may be affected by patient posture:
  a. Sodium
  b. Potassium

  c. Cholesterol

  d. SGOT

  e. SGPT

11. Fetal Hb, HbF, constitutes ________________ of Hb in a newborn.
  a. 5%
  b. 25%

  c. 2-03-%

  d. 50 – 90%

  e. None of these

12. This test is used to detect normal and abnormal types of hemoglobin:

  a. HF
  b. HB trait
  c. HB-HCT

  d. Hb electrophoresis

13. This test is the volume of the average RBC:

  a. MCH

  b. MCV

  c. MCHC

  d. MCHV

  e. Retic
14. MCHC can be useful for the diagnosis of conditions which are not dependent upon the number of ________.
  a. Retics
  b. RBC's

  c. Platelets
  d. WBC’s

  e. Neutrophils

15. The sickle cell test, also called _______, is used to detect sickle cells.
  a. Hb S

  b. HCT

  c. TIBC

  d. Sic T

  e. HB T

16. Increased serum Ferritin levels may indicate acute ______ disease.

  a. Hepatic

  b. Anemia
  c. Sickle cell

  d. Cardiac

  e. Viral

17. The blood sample for the ESR test must be examined within __________.
  a. 2 hours
  b. 12 hours
  c. 24 hours
  d. 48 hours

  e. 72 hours
18. This is a lab test that counts actual numbers of different types of WBC’s:
  a. HCT

  b. MCV

  c. MCHC
  d. Retic count
  e. Diff

19. In order to interpret the WBC and differential, the nurse must consider the relative and the _____ values of the differential.

  a. Normal
  b. Ionic
  c. Pathological
  d. Absolute

  e. Interpreted

20. Basophils are increased by:
  a. Ulcerative colitis
  b. Trauma
  c. Pregnancy
  d. Hepatitis
  e. SLE
21. Monocytes are increased by:
  a. Herpes
  b. Lymphomas
  c. Stress
  d. Shock

  e. Burns
22. Fibrinogen plus factor B, plus Thrombin yields:
  a. Prothrombin

  b. Thromoplastin
  c. A clot
  d. A platelet

23. Many medications will decrease platelet count, these are:
  a. Antimony/gold salts
  b. Isoniazid
  c. Thiazide
  d. Sulfonamides/methyldopa
  e. All of these
24. The PTT will usually detect deficiencies in all clotting factors except:

  a. Factor 4
  b. Factors 6 & 7
  c. Factor 8

  d. Factors 7 & 8

  e. None of these
25. The _________ test has the ability to exactly pinpoint the defect in clotting.
  a. TGT
  b. PTT

  c. PT
  d. Bleeding Time
  e. Pro Time

26. Enzymes are proteins in the body and they act as __________.
  a. Buffers
  b. Catalysts
  c. Proteins
  d. Isoenzymes
  e. Antibiotics

27. The main cardiac enzymes are CPK, LDH, and _________________.
  a. PTT
  b. AAS
  c. SGOT
  d. SGPT

  e. None of these

28. Isoenzymes of LDH that appear primarily in the heart are LD1 and:
  a. LDH-3
  b. LD4
  c. LD5

  d. LD-4
  e. LD2

29. Narcotic drugs and ______________ can elevate serum LDH (and other enzyme) levels.
  a. Antibiotics
  b. IV infusions
  c. Stress
  d. IM injections

30. The ingestion of alcohol and _________ could also cause (enzyme) elevations.
  a. Trauma
  b. Antibiotics
  c. Food
  d. Vitamins

31. The Myoglobin test is often used to help ___ results of cardiac enzyme tests.
  a. Report
  b. Confirm

  c. Obtain

  d. Determine
32. ______ is the major cation in the extracellular fluid in the body.
  a. Potassium
  b. Chloride

  c. Sodium
  d. Acid phosphatase

33. Cardiac arrhythmias and _______ disturbances are seen with high or low levels of potassium electrolyte.
  a. Muscle

  b. Renal
  c. GI

  d. Vascular

  e. Neurological

34. Increased serum osmolality is associated with __________.
  a. Overhydration
  b. Excessive fluid intake

  c. Hypoglycemia

  d. Dehydration
35. Plasma ammonia levels may help indicate the severity of _____________ damage.
  a. Hepatocellular
  b. Kidney

  c. Hepatosplenic
  d. Messenteric

36. _______ levels are directly related to glomerular filtration rate. Therefore, this test will be used to assess renal damage.
  a. Creatine
  b. Creatinine

  c. Ammonia
  d. AST
  e. ESP
37. Comparison test performed on whole blood in order to ensure compatibility of transfused blood:
  a. Rh Compatibility
  b. Crossmatch

  c. Blood typing

  d. RBC count

38. Turbidity and other terms are used to characterize the ______ of urine.
  a. Acidity
  b. Odor
  c. Appearance
  d. Color

  e. Specific gravity

39. ________________ amount of protein should be excreted into the urine in 24-hour period.

  a. Very large

  b. Large
  c. Moderate

  d. Very small

40. _________ are solid, formed elements which appear in the urine, secondary to some other type of cell destruction.
  a. Casts
  b. Veriforms

  c. Cells

  d. Membranes
  e. Mucus

41. (Urinary) calculi commonly form in the ___________ and pass into the ureter.
  a. Bladder

  b. Urethra

  c. Ureter
  d. Bloodstream

  e. Kidney

42. Normal CSF fluid pressure is _________________ mm H20.
  a. 10-20

  b. 40-80

  c. 80-100

  d. 100-200

  e. 200-250

43. The main pathologies occur when the CSF glucose is ________ than normal.
  a. Much higher

  b. Moderately higher

  c. Lower
  d. None of these

44. Some disorders which can cause an increase in (CSF) protein, can also cause an increase in the __________ as well.
  a. RBC count
  b. WBC count

  c. Platelets
  d. Hb S

  e. Hb F

45. Many times when the blood serology test is negative, the CSF test is positive; an example of this is:
  a. Tertiary syphilis

  b. HIV infection

  c. AIDS

  d. Early syphilis

46. Low (CSF) soluble amyloid beta protein precursor levels correlate with:
  a. AIDS
  b. Syphilis
  c. Diabetes
  d. Cancer

  e. Alzheimer’s disease

47. The indirect bilirubin is _______ accurate than the direct bilirubin test.
  a. Less

  b. More

  c. Much less

  d. None of these

48. The SGPT enzyme test is used to help diagnose an MI, but the highest levels of this enzyme are seen in ______ disease.
  a. Kidney

  b. Splenic

  c. Liver

  d. Infectious

  e. HIV

49. Which is the stronger of the thyroid hormones?
  a. T3

  b. T2

  c. T4

  d. Thyrotoxin

  e. Levotoxin

50. In the blood, iodine is not a free molecule, but rather it is bound to:

  a. Glucose

  b. Protein
  c. RBC’s

  d. WBC's

  e. Hemoglobin