Substance Abuse Update

~ Exam ~

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Chapter 1
1. Drugs and medicines affect people of both sexes, and ethnic and ______________ groups.

  a. nursing
  b. socioeconomic
  c. family
  d. geriatric
  e. pediatric
2. All drugs of abuse, such as ________________, cocaine, and marijuana, primarily affect the brain's limbic system.
  a. nicotine
  b. crack
  c. MDA
  d. DMT
  e. tramadol
3. Once addiction develops, these brain changes interfere with an individual's ability to make voluntary decisions, leading to compulsive drug craving, ____________, and use.
  a. seeking

  b. vomiting
  c. diarrhea
  d. violence
  e. nausea
4. Between 1993 and 2003, males and females reported that illegal drugs were made available to them on _________________ property increased.

  a. school
  b. their family's
  c. city
  d. hospital
  e. military
5. Of significant concern is the finding that past year use of ______________ remained high among all three grades, with nearly one in ten high school seniors using it in the past year.

  a. DXM
  b. heroin
  c. ecstasy
  d. MDA
  e. Vicodin
Chapter 2
6. There are receptor sites in the central nervous system for endogenous, opioid-like substances called enkephalins, dynorphins, and _________________.
  a. alkaloids
  b. endorphins
  c. adrenalin
  d. ketokinins
7. Intravenous injection (of heroin) provides the greatest ________________ and most rapid onset of euphoria (7 to 8 seconds).

  a. safety

  b. intensity
  c. pain relief
  d. side effects
8. Symptoms of withdrawal include restlessness, muscle and bone pain, insomnia, diarrhea, vomiting, _______________ with goose bumps ("cold turkey").
  a. hot flashes
  b. tachycardia

  c. cold flashes

  d. arm pain

  e. tremors
9. For nearly one-third of Americans infected with HIV, injection drug use is a risk factor. In fact, ___________ is the fastest growing vector for the spread of HIV in the nation.
  a. unprotected sex

  b. homosexual behavior

  c. drug abuse

  d. methamphetamine
Chapter 3
10. Alcohol is also a chemical solvent, a local anesthetic, and ________________.

  a. a depressant

  b. an antianxiety

  c. an irritant

  d. cardiac depressant
11. The duration of the effects of alcohol is a time composed of several different states of:
  a. awareness
  b. repetition
  c. interchange
  d. consciousness
  e. anxiety
12. There are approximately ______________ identified alcoholics today in the United States.
  a. 1.5 million
  b. 6 million
  c. 7.5 million
  d. 12 million
  e. 18 million
13. Alcohol increases the secretion of gastric acid and it combines with other irritants such as ________________________ to cause bleeding.

  a. spicy foods
  b. aspirin
  c. diabetes
  d. LSD
  e. smoking
14. The prevention of _____________ is an important part of the alcoholic=s recovery.
  a. diabetes
  b. relapse
  c. hypotension
  d. hypertension
  e. all drinking
15. Short-term treatment goals include safe ______________ and control of behavior.
  a. detoxification
  b. drinking
  c. sex
  d. medication administration
16. _______________, the active ingredient in Vivitrol, is an opioid antagonist.
  a. Naltrexone

  b. Apomorphine

  c. Antabuse
  d. Nicotine
  e. THC
Chapter 4
17. Intoxicating doses of the sedative-hypnotics almost always result in impaired judgement, slurred speech, and loss of _____________________.
  a. motor function

  b. bladder control
  c. vision
  d. speech
  e. equilibrium
18. Non-lethal individual doses of these drugs (sedatives) and _______________ can, when combined, may result in fatal respiratory suppression/failure.
  a. beta-blockers
  b. THC
  c. crack cocaine
  d. "ice"
  e. alcohol
19. (sedatives-hypnotics) are used primarily for their ________ and sleep-producing effects.
  a. anesthetic

  b. anti-hypertension

  c. anti-epileptic

  d. calming
Chapter 5
20. _____________________ lung cancer risks associated with tobacco also apply to marijuana users, even though they smoke far less.

  a. The same
  b. Far less
  c. Much greater
  d. Slightly greater
21. Approximately 49.1% of college students and 57.0% of young adults (ages 19B28) surveyed in 2005 reported ___________________ use of marijuana.
  a. occasional
  b. lifetime
  c. daily
  d. weekly
  e. monthly
22. Marijuana's damage to _________________ seems to occur because THC alters the way in which information is processed by the hippocampus.

  a. the lungs
  b. long-term memory
  c. short-term memory
  d. cognition
Chapter 6
23. Cocaine is a strong central nervous system _________________ that interferes with the reabsorption process of dopamine.
  a. depressant
  b. relaxer
  c. blocker
  d. sedative
  e. stimulant
24. When people mix cocaine and alcohol consumption, the human liver combines cocaine and alcohol and manufactures a third substance, __________________, risking sudden death.
  a. DXM
  b. a sedative
  c. endorphins
  d. cocaethylene
  e. ketokinins
25. An intensified form of cocaine, __________ is now considered one of the most addictive substances ever known, more so than heroin, barbiturates, and alcohol.
  a. crack
  b. crank
  c. "ice"
  d. DXM
  e. THC
26. A crude form of cocaine, _______________ is highly contaminated with lead and petroleum by-products.

  a. crank
  b. basuco
  c. "ice"
  d. THC
  e. PCP
27. Studies of chronic methamphetamine abusers have also revealed severe structural and functional changes in areas of the brain associated with emotion and ___________.
  a. vision
  b. color
  c. memory
  d. cognition
  e. motor skills
28. (CNS stimulant) withdrawal progresses through several stages and is characterized by irritability, anxiety, and ________________.
  a. diabetes
  b. ataxia
  c. vomiting
  d. over-stimulation
  e. depression
Chapter 7
29. As a group, psychedelics tend to distort the user's perception of objective reality, decrease logical thought, and heightened ____________.
  a. awareness
  b. pain reception
  c. vision
  d. sensation
  e. appetite
30. Mescaline is the major psychoactive ingredient of the ______________ and is responsible for the mind-manifesting, LSD-like effects of the mescaline buttons.
  a. peyote cactus
  b. button mushrooms
  c. cocoa leaf
  d. soma
31. Chemically similar to both mescaline and the ___________________, MDA induces euphoria, a peaceful, dream-like state.
  a. opioids
  b. amphetamines
  c. sedatives
  d. hypnotics
  e. marijuana
32. Use of PCP in humans was discontinued in 1965, because it was found that patients often became agitated, delusional, and _____________________.
  a. aggressive
  b. combative
  c. irrational
  d. hypoxic
  e. psychotic
Chapter 8
33. _____________ suffocation is one of the leading causes of death among young persons who sniff solvents.
  a. Accidental
  b. Pulmonary edema
  c. Toxic fumes
  d. Intentional
  e. Plastic bag
34. High concentrations of inhalants also cause death from _________ by displacing oxygen in the lungs.
  a. brain toxicity
  b. respiratory arrest
  c. bronchospasm
  d. suffocation
Chapter 9
35. A designer drug is ______________, a chemical compound that is similar in structure and effect to another drug of abuse but differs slightly in structure.
  a. an analog
  b. a copy-cat
  c. a therapeutic drug
  d. an isoenzyme
36. China White was placed on Schedule I of the Controlled Substance Act (CSA), along with other drugs that have the ________________ potential for abuse.
  a. moderate
  b. highest
  c. lowest
  d. slight
  e. possible
Chapter 10
37. The ingestion of nicotine results in an almost immediate "kick" because it causes a discharge of ___________________ from the adrenal cortex.

  a. endorphins
  b. epinephrine

  c. catecholamines
  d. ketokinins
38. Research suggests that smoking cessation should be a ____________ process, because withdrawal symptoms are less severe.
  a. "cold-turkey"
  b. supportive
  c. gradual
  d. rapid
  e. immediate
39. The major side effects of anabolic steroid use include ____________ tumors, jaundice, fluid retention, and high blood pressure; others are severe acne and trembling.
  a. kidney
  b. brain
  c. skin
  d. liver
  e. bone
Chapter 11
40. Some OTC drugs may cause kidney or ____________ damage that have no symptoms.
  a. liver
  b. illegal
  c. dangerous
  d. prescription
  e. amphetamine
41. They report that high doses of this drug (DXM) will cause an effect similar to the:
  a. amphetamines
  b. psychodelics
  c. MDA drugs
  d. THC drugs
  e. opioids
Chapter 11
42. One of the most significant considerations in substance abuse treatment is the ____________________ affected by drug abuse.

  a. youth
  b. families
  c. medical staff
  d. diverse populations
  e. adults
43. The treatment of substance abuse in America today is progressing toward a ________________________ approach to the problem.

  a. drug therapy
  b. psychotherapy
  c. multi-disciplinary
  d. day-care
  e. Freudian
44. ____________________ is usually the first step in the treatment of substance abuse.

  a. Assessment
  b. Detoxification
  c. Hospitalization
  d. Abstinence
45. Just as the Nursing Process is _______________, so is the treatment plan for the recovering abuser.

  a. dynamic
  b. scientific
  c. modular
  d. peer-based
  e. supervised
46. However, _________ is usually required prior to entering the outpatient program.
  a. assessment
  b. insurance
  c. family support
  d. hospitalization
  e. detoxification
47. _________________ with Narcan (naloxone), has recently been found useful in treating alcoholism.
  a. Antabuse
  b. Trexan
  c. Rimonabant
  d. endorphin
  e. THC
48. _____________________ means that your substance abuse client has one or more health or medical problems in addition to his addiction.

  a. Holistic treatment
  b. Prior diagnosis
  c. Dual diagnosis
  d. Dual treatment
Chapter 13
49. Health care professionals are just as much at risk for chemical dependency as the ______________________, in fact they are at higher risk.
  a. general public
  b. heroin addict
  c. chronic addict
  d. chronic drug user
50. Nurses with substance abuse problems can enlist the help of the:
  a. allow the problem to get worse

  b. State Peer Assistance Program